One of the growth plates of the femoral head, the capital femoral epiphysis, is inside the joint capsule of the hip. This is a degenerative disease of the hip joint that affects children, most commonly seen in boys ages two through twelve. A disease characterized by an inadequate blood supply to the femoral head is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, also known as LCP or simply Perthes disease. The neck ends at the greater and lesser trochanters, which are sites of muscle and tendon attachments. The femoral neck connects the head of the femur to the shaft. The femoral head is particularly subject to pathologic changes if there is any significant alteration of blood supply (avascular necrosis). The femurs are the longest bones in the body, with large round heads that rotate and glide within the acetabula of the pelvis. Contrast can be directly injected in the hip joint for a detailed look at the cartilage and labrum. Fraying, fissuring, and other abnormalities or defects of the cartilage can lead to arthritis in the hip joint. Cartilage has minimal blood vessels, so it is not good at repairing itself. MRI of the hip joint can detect problems involving both the articular cartilage and the fibrocartilaginous ring, or labrum. Here, the cartilage is thicker, as this area absorbs most of the force during walking, running, and jumping. The articular cartilage of the hip is typically about ¼ inch thick, except in the posterior aspect of the hip socket (Figure 4). This fluid is what allows us to flex our joints under great pressure without wear. Synovial fluid is both viscous and sticky. It is kept lubricated by synovial fluid, which is made in the synovial membrane (joint lining). It absorbs shock, and allows the bones to move against each other easily and without pain. This cartilage is thin but tough, flexible, smooth and slippery, with a rubbery consistency. Successful prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis may be achieved through nutrition (adequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus), exercise, safety measures, and medications.Īrticular cartilage covers the femoral head and the acetabulum (Figure 3). Osteoporosis or low bone density can also lead to hip fractures. A blow to the hip joint or a fall can result in dislocation of the hip, or a hip fracture. MRI of the hips may be ordered to assess the joint(s) for internal derangement, fracture, or degenerative joint disease. Hip joint stability can be hampered by injuries resulting from playing sports, running, overuse, or falling, as well as by disease or tumor. In addition to providing stability to the hip joint, the labrum allows flexibility and motion. The depth of the acetabulum socket is further increased by the attached fibrocartilaginous labrum (Figure 2). The ilium forms the superior aspect, the pubis forms the inferior and anterior aspect, and the ischium forms the inferior and posterior aspect.
The three fused hips or innominate bones that form the acetabulum include the ilium, pubis, and ischium. Abnormal stress is then placed on the joints that are above and below the hips. Hip injuries or disease can cause changes that affect your gait, as well as changes that affect the ability of the hips to distribute weight bearing. Healthy hips can support your weight and allow for pain-free movement. While walking, weight-bearing stresses on the hips can be five times a person’s body weight. When in a standing position, the body’s center of gravity passes through the center of the acetabula. However, as the hip joint bears more weight, the surface area contact increases, and the joint becomes more stable. When not weight-bearing, the ball and socket of the hip joint are not perfectly fitted. This accommodation is necessary to provide stability for the hip, as it is a major weight-bearing joint, and one of the largest joints in the body. When compared to the shoulder, which is also a ball-and-socket joint, the acetabulum is a deeper socket, and encompasses a greater area of the ball, or femoral head. The hips are ball-and-socket type joints, where the femoral head (ball) fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis (Figure 1). The hips joints join the legs to the trunk of the body, and are formed by the femurs and pelvic bones. InBody 770 Body Composition (Anthropometric Testing).Clinical Assessment: (Body Composition Analysis)
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